Probability of event E is ratio of favorable outcomes to total possible outcomes, assuming equally likely outcomes.
Dice games — P(rolling 6) = 1/6.
Card games — P(drawing ace) = 4/52 = 1/13.
Lottery — P(winning) = 1/(total combinations).
Genetics — P(inheriting trait) based on Punnett square.
Quality control — P(defective) = defective count / total.
Insurance — P(claim) determines premium pricing.
Medicine — P(positive test) in diagnostic screening.
Sports — P(scoring) based on historical data.
Weather — P(rain) from meteorological models.
Risk assessment — P(accident) for safety planning.
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