Integral of sine is negative cosine. Similarly, ∫cos(x)dx = sin(x) + C.
AC circuits — Energy stored in inductors/capacitors over a cycle.
Wave physics — Total displacement in oscillatory motion.
Signal processing — Area under sinusoidal waveforms.
Acoustics — Sound energy calculations.
Optics — Light intensity in interference patterns.
Mechanical vibrations — Work done by oscillating forces.
Electrical engineering — RMS value calculations.
Oceanography — Wave energy content.
Music synthesis — Waveform generation.
Control systems — Sinusoidal response analysis.
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