Derivative of a product of two functions. "First times derivative of second plus second times derivative of first."
Physics — Momentum change: d/dt(mv) when both mass and velocity change.
Economics — Revenue optimization: R = P × Q, both functions of time.
Engineering — Power in circuits: P = V × I.
Biology — Growth rate when birth and death rates both change.
Finance — Portfolio value: sum of (shares × price).
Chemistry — Reaction rates with changing concentrations.
Marketing — Sales = (reach × conversion rate).
Statistics — Joint probability derivatives.
Manufacturing — Production rate × quality rate.
Environmental science — Pollution = source rate × dispersion.
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